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1770 – British Captain James Cook, aboard the HMS Endeavour, lands at Botany Bay in Australia. 1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers working on the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the United States’ First Transcontinental Railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched. More at: History

The Medici’s were a remarkable political dynasty, banking family and later royal house in Florence, Italy. Over 400 years, two Medici’s became queens of France and three became pope. In the words of Professor Niall Ferguson, however, ‘prior to the 1390s the Medici’s were Florence’s answer to the Sopranos and were a small-time clan notable…