• I was born in New York City, USA, in 1852
  • I studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and in Vienna.
  • A professor at John Hopkins University from 1886, I established the first surgical school in the United States.
  • I successfully developed a cocaine injection for local anaesthesia, but in the process became an addict and had to be rehabilitated before returning to my role at John Hopkins.
  • I was a surgical pioneer, developing new surgical techniques for cancer and inguinal hernia, as well as using rubber gloves and sterile conditions in surgery for the first time.

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