331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia at the Battle of Gaugamela.

1829 – South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa. It will later bifurcate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.

1861 – Mrs Beeton’s Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day.

1890 – Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.

1936 – During the Spanish Civil War, Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain whose administration will ultimately prevail in the terrible internecine conflict

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