1220 – Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula, an engagement over who would control a castle of the same name. Thus evidencing, yet again, that most warfare, if not all, throughout history, has been about ownership of property.

1648 – Mehmed IV succeeds Ibrahim I as Ottoman emperor.

1944 – Adolf Hitler has the four leaders of an assassination attempt on his life hung by piano wire.

More at: History

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