1264 – In the Battle of Lewes, Henry III of England is captured and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort England’s de facto ruler.

1608 – The Protestant Union, an alliance of Protestant German states, is established to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states.

1643 – Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France on the death of his father, Louis XIII. The young sovereign will become probably the most famous king in French history, earning him the sobriquet ‘The Sun King’. He will later build the most famous palace in the world at Versailles.

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